Perceptions of antisemitism on the rise across the European Union

A recent Eurobarometer survey has shown that perceptions of antisemitism have increased across the European Union, with 55% of Europeans (compared to 50% in 2018) considering antisemitism as a problem in their country.

The survey, which was carried out in November 2025, also found that 47% of Europeans believe that antisemitism has increased over the past five years in their country, up from 36% in 2018.

More than three fifths (62%) of respondents identified hostility in public spaces as a problem, while 61% reported that antisemitic graffiti, vandalism, or online antisemitism affects their communities. A similar percentage (61%) are aware of growing antisemitism on the internet, including online social networks.

Holocaust education

Awareness of the Holocaust in schools also appears to be low, with 48% of Europeans believing that the Holocaust is sufficiently covered in education, while just over half (52%) are aware that Holocaust denial is criminalised in their country.

Awareness of laws against incitement to antisemitic violence is higher, however, with 66% of respondents recognising such legal protections, compared to 61% in 2018.

Geopolitical events

The survey also examined the perceived influence of geopolitical events on antisemitism, with 69% of Europeans stating that conflicts in the Middle East affect how Jewish people are viewed in their countries. This represents a fifteen-percentage-point increase since 2018.

Some 28% answered ‘yes, definitely’ when asked whether conflicts in the Middle East affected how Jewish people are perceived, with 41% answering ‘yes, to some extent’, 20% saying ‘no, not really’, 6% answering ‘no, definitely not’, and 5% answering ‘don’t know’. Read more here.